Saturday, May 12, 2012

The Iris Garden

A little-known and short-lived floral extravaganza is underway right now in Florence.  The Giardino della Società Italiana dell’ Iris (Garden of the Italian Iris Society) is open to the public while the vast plantings of bearded iris (iris barbate) are in bloom.  (April 25 – May 20, 2012) 



Begun in the mid-1950s as the site for an annual international competition for the best iris variety, the garden is set among olive trees that range down the eastern shoulder of the slopes below Piazzale Michelangelo.   Growers from around the world send rhizomes to Florence where they are cultivated for three years before being judged.  The 56th annual Il Premio Firenze competition is being judged now, with the winner to receive a gold Florin.  

One reason Florence was first chosen to host the competition is the belief by many that the emblem on the city banner is not a lily–the fleur de lis–but rather a red iris.  So there is also a special award given each year to the red iris that best embodies that image. 

One of the oldest depictions of Firenze's floral emblem
is painted in the so-called Lily Room in the Palazzo Vecchio.
Below, an enlargement.  A Lily or an Iris?

Each year a new planting bed is cultivated for the arriving iris hybrids, and they seem to remain for at least ten years after their show date.  The older beds are still producing some beautiful flowers, but the 2011 and 2012 beds are ablaze with spectacular blooms.  Below are some photos taken last Tuesday.  If you happen to be in Florence this week, catch the #12 or #13 bus to Piazzale Michelangelo and enjoy the garden yourself.  More information is here.

Roberto

An older set of hybrid iris, some still vigorous and beautiful.

Looking northeast.




The competition bed for last year, 2011.


A judge works through the 2012 abundance.



Not everything is an iris.  Here is a bed of Aquilegia (Columbine).

Wild red poppies certify springtime in an uncultivated patch among old olive trees.
Roses also bloom among the trees.

Friday, May 11, 2012

Firenze



The historic center of Firenze.

The end of our year in Italy is in sight, sad to say (siamo molto tristi), and for the final two months we have moved to Firenze, that is, Florence.  Our apartment here is in the Oltrarno—across the River Arno—not far from the Pitti Palace and the Boboli Gardens.  This puts us out of the major press of tourist crowds and into a neighborhood still largely populated by “real” Italians and home to shops of traditional artigiani, antique dealers and negozi praticali (stores for necessities like food and hardware).  Just around the corner (a due passi, two steps away) is the charming, leafy piazza fronting the church of Santo Spirito.  Most mornings after cappuccino at Caffè Ricchi we buy garden-fresh vegetables and fruit from one of the small vendors in the piazza.

The Oltrarno district is to the left.   The Ponte Vecchio is the foremost bridge.

The unusual façade of Santo Spirito rises beyond its piazza.

Caffè Ricchi in Piazza S. Spirito. 

This vendor sells us fruit, vegetables and flowers,
many from her own gardens just south of Firenze.

Florence is different from Rome in several ways.  Rome is vibrant, almost frantic with activity, traffic, tourists, and buses.  There's so much to do and see that you could spend years and years.  The streets are lined with structures that range in age over thousands of years.  Next to an apartment building dating from the 1920s there might be a 5th-century church sporting renovations from the 9th, 13th, 16th and 17th centuries.  And just down the way there could be an ancient Roman wall from 150 BC or Roman columns built into the outside of a medieval house.  There is also a Roman attitude that's not easy to put into a few words but can sometimes be seen in a tendency toward intense discussions and a certain attitude of entitlement—though every individual Roman we dealt with was wonderfully friendly, helpful and had a good sense of humor.

Unlike Rome, Florence doesn't have much truly ancient architecture, so it looks a bit more homogenous, though still charmingly old to American eyes.  There are lots of buildings from the 15th century and later, but few older than 11th c.  There was a Roman community here, Florentia, but it was small and most architectural remains are buried, though the forum expanse and primary crossroads persist at the Piazza della Repubblica.  

Via Maggio with Renaissance-era palazzi.
Below,  examples of sgraffito,  designs cut and colored into wet stucco.
This is the 16th century Palazzo di Bianco Cappello.


A flower market within the main post office portico.

The majority of the city center is off-limits to most cars, so even though there are a zillion tourists, they can often use the whole street for a walkway—but watch out for bicycles.  The north of Italy is also better off economically, and law-enforcement seems more assiduous here, so there are fewer beggars and homeless to be seen.  The historic center is also much smaller than Rome's and seems to have a somewhat lower percentage of tourist souvenir shops, though if you are after anything made of leather there are hundreds of shops and market stalls to choose among, and every high-end international apparel company in the world appears to be represented within a few blocks of the Piazza della Repubblica.  In the area around our apartment are lots of antique shops but also quite a few small workshops (laboratori) where old men (mostly) are repairing furniture or creating elaborate carved picture frames.  There's a 16th-century ex-palazzo across the street used as a storehouse for one of the dealers, and through the ancient window bars can be seen hundreds of elaborate crystal chandeliers hung from the beams.

Looking toward the Piazza della Repubblica.
A police presence...

Leather goods in the Loggia del Mercato Nuovo.

Crystal chandeliers in an antiques storeroom along Via Maggio.

Moving to Florence means a shift in historical emphasis for me. Re-focusing from ancient Rome to the Renaissance means learning or re-learning a lot of art history and politics, but I’m getting there, replacing my lists of emperors and popes with the Medici family tree.  On the other hand, the food transition has been easy.  The pastries are different but excellent.  We haven’t seen Roman-style artichokes (carciofi alla romana) in the markets or ristoranti, but Tuscan specialties are plentiful, so I see a bistecca fiorentina in our near future.  And there’s a gelateria on almost every corner, so life is good.

Roberto
Gelateria Santa Trinita, just down the street.

The River Arno at dusk.


Thursday, April 26, 2012

Natale di Roma

In Italian the word natale (nah-TAH-lay) means “day of birth” (though when capitalized it means Christmas, short for Natale di Gesù).  Legend puts the founding of Rome on April 21,  753 BC, so last weekend there were events to remember the natale di Roma, culminating with a parade on Sunday featuring historic recreations of Romans from the time of the Empire and earlier.  

An event that has been occurring every April 21st for about 1900 years, whether anyone was aware of it or not, demonstrates one apparent function of the Pantheon, which was built by the emperor Hadrian in the first quarter of the second century AD.  On that day the sun shining through the oculus projects a beam through the doorway and out into the entry porch.  At noon the brilliant, focused solar spotlight just grazes the underside of the doorway and the sides of the entry passage, and in imperial times illuminated the emperor as he arrived at the Pantheon to commemorate the founding day. 
The unmistakeable Pantheon dome. 
Theory and practice for the April 21st noon sunbeam.  The drawing comes from here.


Another free event last Saturday was a multi-hour military band concert performed in the newly refurbished Piazza d. San Silvestro, just off the Via del Corso.  It was a pleasant, sunny spot, and it was fun to see and hear the different bands:  The Penitentiary Police, the Navy, the Air Force, the Carabinieri, and the Guardia di Finanza.  Here are pictures of the first four, with a video clip of the Navy band marching in.  (The music directors among you may find their finish interesting.)  They were the best, in our opinion, though the Carabinieri clearly won in the uniform contest.  The music selections ranged from classic Sousa and other military marches through Italian opera (Aida, William Tell), Neapolitan favorites, and even a bit of “Jesus Christ, Superstar.”  All of us in the older generation sat comfortably around the piazza while small children used some of the open space for impromptu dancing and military strutting to the music.

The Penitentiary Police Band



 Above and below, the Navy Band.
(If the video is missing or won't play, go to this YouTube link.)


The Air Force Band

The Carabinieri Band.
Below, check out those uniforms!




About noon on Sunday the big parade got underway from the Circus Maximus, passing near the Bocca della Verità circling clockwise around the Palatine and Capitoline hills, along the Via dei Fori Imperiali, and on past the Colosseum.  There were about fifty groups participating—possibly a thousand people—who came from all over Italy and much of Europe, including several Roman Legion re-enactment groups from Great Britain.  I didn’t see Romulus (or his slain brother Remus), but a goddess or two and a few representations of early tribes showed up.  Most of the marchers portrayed military legionaries from the later Republic and Imperial Rome, but there were also many women in groups dressed as Vestal Virgins, Roman matrons or dancers.  A fair number of senators were there as well, plus several of the emperors themselves.  Along with a few representative photos I’ve included a short video to give a feel for the parade.  (If the video is missing or won’t play for you, go to this YouTube link.)

The parade was led by the goddess Juno.

Many marchers bore authentic Roman military gear.





Here's a video sample.  Those are the Sybilline prophecies at the end of the first segment.
  Click here if the video is missing.

Vestal Virgins

Roman Matrons

Senators

Above and below, a Patrician's funeral.  There were ululating mourners, too.



From early in Rome's history, Etruscans.
More goddesses, secondo me.
 

Two lictors bearing fasces accompany an imperial personage.
The emperor Hadrian and his wife Vibia Sabina.

Gladiators

Some had an easy time with the parade route.
Others didn't seem quite so pleased.


A dopo,
Roberto